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Value
refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. The benefits of knowing
how to manage Value are very important to artists who work two-dimensional
striving to make their subjects, or the objects in their work, "look"
three-dimensional. Light effects a true three-dimensional object in unique
ways. Artists work hard to reproduce these light effects in their works,
even though the drawing or painting is actually flat, two-dimensional.
How many times have you been tempted to reach into a painting to grab
an apple from the still life that looks so real you would think it was
actually there! The masteryof representing or imitating true Value has
been one Element Of Art that many artists devote years of study. Young
artists who apprenticed with the great artists of Europe, spent months
and years learning how to control Value. The study of drapery, or how
to make folded cloth look real in a painting or drawings was a required
exercise. Once mastered, the viewer would look at the work and be tricked
into thinking that the picture actually had folded drapery. Let's see
just how Value is achieved. We'll look at some examples of how artists
use Value in their works.
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Ferdinand Leger
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If you look
carefully at this drawing, you will begin to see recognizable objects.
This is a still life, a group of inanimate objects arranged together.
What items do you recognize?
The wide
range of white, gray and black values of shading, give this work
a realistic sense of form. Using values in drawings is a good way
of showing light reflection and shadows. Adding these will make
two-dimensional objects "look" like they are three-dimensional.
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XXThis is a sample VALUE SCALE. Note
the range XXof the colors from black
to white and the many XXshades in between. |
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Look
at this student self-portrait. Can you see what makes this unique?
The values were created by stamping fingerprints. The closer the fingerprints,
the darker the color appears. Darker fingerprints were added to give
this picture shadows. The shadows make the face appear more realistic
and three-dimensional. Objects that are dark appear to recede into
the picture. Objects that are lighter in color or value appear to
come to the front of the picture. |
| Jenna,
7th grade, Fingerprints on posterboard |
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Marc Chagall, (Russian),
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Values
can be exercised in all colors. The range
of the values can be changed by adding white to
lighten or tint a color. Adding black will create a
shade of the original color which will appear darker.
Painters will use Values to create a sense of space
and form in their paintings. Having different Values
gives a work
of art interest The viewer will look at a
work of art longer if it contains elements that that
will invite the human eye to look and excite
their vision. Here Chagall creates some unique
areas of interest by shading and tinting different
areas of his canvas.
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